COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 11: Reporting week ending 23:59 AEST 12 April 2020
Notified cases of COVID-19 and associated deaths reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) to 12 April 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2020.44.34Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, acute respiratory disease, epidemiology, AustraliaAbstract
Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 12 April 2020
Notifications 6,394
Deaths 46
The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of the disease (Figure 1).
Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases are able to be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction.
Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. The epidemiology differs from country to country depending not only on the disease dynamics, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures.
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Australian Government Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Media Statement, 9 April 2020. [Internet.] Canberra: Australian Government Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet; 2020. Available from: https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-3.
Australian Government Department of Health. Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC) Advice to National Cabinet on 30 March 2020. [Internet.] Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health; 2020. [Accessed 8 April 2020.] Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/news/australian-health-protection-principal-committee-ahppc-advice-to-national-cabinet-on-30-march-2020.
World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report – 83. [Internet.] Geneva: WHO; 2020. [Accessed 14 April 2020.] Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200412-sitrep-83-covid-19.pdf.
WHO. Report of the WHO-China joint mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). [Internet.] Geneva: WHO; 2020. [Accessed 1 Mar 2020.] Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf.
Bi Q, Wu Y, Mei S, Ye C, Zou X, Zhang Z et al. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in Shenzhen China: analysis of 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts. medRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20028423.
Zhu Y, Bloxham CJ, Hulme KD, Sinclair JE, Tong ZW, Steele LE et al. Children are unlikely to have been the primary source of household SARS-CoV-2 infections. medRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044826.
WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report – 29. [Internet.] Geneva: WHO; 2020. [Accessed 22 Feb 2020.] Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200218-sitrep-29-covid-19.pdf.
Pung R, Chiew CJ, Young BE, Chin S, Chen M, Clapham HE. Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1039–46.
Eden JS, Rockett R, Carter I, Rahman H, de Ligt J, Hadfield J et al. An emergent clade of SARS-CoV-2 linked to returned travellers from Iran. Virus Evol. 2020;6(1):veaa027. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veaa027.
Sun P, Qiu S, Liu Z, Ren J, Xi JJ. Clinical characteristics of 50466 patients with 2019-nCoV infection. medRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.18.20024539.
Li B, Bai W, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may be at least partially responsible for the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25728.
Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Jama Neurol. 2020;e201127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.
Drew DA, Nguyen LH, Steves CJ, Wolf J, Spector TC, Chan AT. Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334.
Venkatakrishnan AJ, Puranik A, Anand A, Zemmour D, Yao X, Wu X et al. Knowledge synthesis from 100 million biomedical documents augments the deep expression profiling of coronavirus receptors. bioRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.005702.
Brann DH, Tsukahara T, Weinreb C, Logan DW, Datta SR. Non-neural expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory epithelium suggests mechanisms underlying anosmia in COVID-19 patients. bioRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.25.009084.
Lin L, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Huang S, Zhang Z, Fang Z et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gut. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321013.
Jin X, Lian JS, Hu JH, Gao J, Zheng L, Zhang YM et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320926.
WHO. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. [Internet.] Geneva: WHO; 2020. [Accessed 23 Feb 2020.] Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected.
Harrison C. Coronavirus puts drug re-purposing on the fast track. Nat Biotechnol. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41587-020-00003-1.
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