Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) 2019: Prospective hospital-based surveillance for serious paediatric conditions

Authors

  • Nicole Dinsmore National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales
  • PAEDS network
  • Jocelynne E McRae National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales; 2. Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health – Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales
  • Helen E Quinn National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales
  • Catherine Glover National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales
  • Sonia Dougherty Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland
  • Alissa McMinn Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, SAEFVIC, Victoria
  • Nigel Crawford Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria
  • Helen Marshall Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
  • Samantha J Carlson School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales
  • Christopher Blyth Infectious Diseases Department, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
  • Ryan Lucas Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health – Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales; Department of General Medicine – The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales
  • Adam Irwin The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Queensland
  • Kristine Macartney Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales; Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales
  • Philip N Britton Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales; Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales
  • Nicholas Wood Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Sydney, New South Wales; Clinical school, Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2021.45.53

Keywords:

paediatric, surveillance, child, hospital, vaccine preventable diseases, adverse event following immunisation, acute flaccid paralysis, encephalitis, influenza, intussusception, pertussis, varicella zoster virus, meningococcal, group A streptococcus, Kawasaki, bloodstream infections

Abstract

Introduction
The Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) network is an Australian hospital-based active surveillance system employing prospective case ascertainment for selected serious childhood conditions, particularly vaccine preventable diseases and potential adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). This report presents surveillance data for 2019.
Methods
Specialist nurses screened hospital admissions, emergency department records, laboratory and other data on a daily basis in seven paediatric tertiary referral hospitals across Australia, to identify children with the conditions under surveillance. Standardised protocols and case definitions were used across all sites. In 2019, the conditions under surveillance comprised: acute flaccid paralysis (AFP; a syndrome associated with poliovirus infection), acute childhood encephalitis (ACE), influenza, intussusception (IS; a potential AEFI with rotavirus vaccines), pertussis, varicella-zoster virus infection (varicella and herpes zoster), invasive meningococcal and invasive Group A streptococcus diseases and two new conditions, Kawasaki disease and gram-negative bloodstream infections. An additional social research component continued to evaluate parental attitudes to influenza vaccination.
Results
PAEDS captured 2,701 cases for 2019 across all conditions under surveillance. Key outcomes of PAEDS included: contribution to national AFP surveillance to reach the World Health Organization reporting targets for detection of poliomyelitis cases; demonstration of high influenza activity in 2019 and influenza-associated deaths in ACE cases; identification of key barriers to influenza vaccination of children hospitalised for acute respiratory illness; reporting of all IS cases associated with vaccine receipt to relevant state health department; and showing a further reduction nationally in varicella cases. Enhanced pertussis surveillance continued to capture controls to support vaccine efficacy estimation. Invasive meningococcal disease surveillance showed predominance of serotype B and a reduction in cases nationally. Surveillance for invasive group A streptococcus captured severe cases in children. Monitoring of Kawasaki disease incidence and gram-negative bloodstream infections commenced.
Conclusions
PAEDS continues to provide unique policy-relevant data on serious paediatric conditions using sentinel hospital-based enhanced surveillance.

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Published

30/09/21

How to Cite

Dinsmore, Nicole, PAEDS network, Jocelynne E McRae, Helen E Quinn, Catherine Glover, Sonia Dougherty, Alissa McMinn, et al. 2021. “Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) 2019: Prospective Hospital-Based Surveillance for Serious Paediatric Conditions”. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 45 (September). https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2021.45.53.

Issue

Vol. 45 (2021)

Section

Annual report

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