Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance surveillance outcome programs – bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns from patients less than 18 years of age, January 2020 – December 2021

Authors

  • Anita Williams Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA
  • Geoffrey W Coombs Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA; Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA; Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA
  • Jan Bell Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Adelaide, SA
  • Denise A Daley Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA; Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA
  • Shakeel Mowlaboccus Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA; Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA; Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA
  • Penelope A Bryant Infectious Diseases, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria
  • Anita J Campbell Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA
  • Louise Cooley Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania
  • Jon Iredell Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW; Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW; Sydney Institute for Infectious Disease, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
  • Adam D Irwin Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland; Infection Management Prevention Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland
  • Alison Kesson Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW; Department of Infectious Disease & Microbiology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW
  • Brendan McMullan School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Randwick, NSW
  • Morgyn S Warner Infectious Diseases Unit, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA
  • Phoebe Williams Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW; 20. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Randwick, NSW; School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW
  • Christopher C Blyth Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA; Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2024.48.32

Keywords:

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR), antimicrobial resistance surveillance, paediatrics, bacteraemia, Enterobacterales, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus

Abstract

From 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021, thirty-eight institutions across Australia submitted data to the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) from patients aged < 18 years (AGAR-Kids). Over the two years, 1,679 isolates were reported from 1,611 patients. This AGAR-Kids report aims to describe the population of children and adolescents with bacteraemia reported to AGAR and the proportion of resistant isolates.

Overall, there were 902 gram-negative isolates reported: 800 Enterobacterales, 61 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 41 Acinetobacter spp. Among the Enterobacterales, 12.9% were resistant to third generation cephalosporins; 11.6% to gentamicin/tobramycin; and 11.2% to piperacillin-tazobactam. In total, 14.5% of Enterobacterales were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Only 3.3% of P. aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems and 4.9% were MDR. Resistance in Acinetobacter spp was uncommon.

Of 607 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 12.9% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Almost half of S. aureus isolates from the Northern Territory were MRSA. In S. aureus, resistance to erythromycin was 13.2%; 12.4% to clindamycin; and 5.3% to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to all antibiotics tested was higher in MRSA. Overall, 6.5% of S. aureus were MDR, of which 65% were MRSA.

Almost three-quarters of the 170 Enterococcus spp. reported were E. faecalis, and half were from patients < 1 year old. Ampicillin resistance in enterococci was 19.6%. Eight isolates were vancomycin resistant and three isolates were teicoplanin resistant. Five E. faecium isolates were classified as MDR.

This AGAR-Kids report highlights clear differences in the geographic distribution of pathogens and resistance profiles across Australia.

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Published

21/08/24

How to Cite

Williams, Anita, Geoffrey W Coombs, Jan Bell, Denise A Daley, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, Penelope A Bryant, Anita J Campbell, et al. 2024. “Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Outcome Programs – Bloodstream Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns from Patients Less Than 18 Years of Age, January 2020 – December 2021”. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 48 (August). https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2024.48.32.

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