ATAGI Targeted Review 2023: Vaccination for prevention of influenza in Australia

Authors

  • Chisato Imai National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Sanjay Jayasinghe National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Jocelynne McRae National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Jean Li-Kim-Moy National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Clayton Chiu National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Kristine Macartney National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
  • Penelope Burns Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Academic Unit of General Practice, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
  • Kristy Cooper Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
  • Allen C Cheng Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • Katherine Gibney Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
  • Michelle Giles Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • Cheryl Jones Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Sydney Medical School Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Tony Korman Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • Bette Liu 1. National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Nigel W Crawford Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Immunisation Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2024.48.25

Keywords:

influenza, influenza vaccine, influenza surveillance, immunisation programs, prevention and control, National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG), Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI)

Abstract

Annual seasonal influenza epidemics cause substantial disease and economic burden worldwide. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 and 2021, influenza activity significantly declined. However, influenza resurged in Australia following the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, with increased influenza virus circulation in early 2022 coinciding with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant wave. Together with other respiratory virus diseases, these disease impacts on the Australian population and healthcare system have re-emphasised the importance of influenza vaccination and control. We aim to provide an overview of the current seasonal influenza vaccination program in Australia and summarise evidence and considerations underpinning potential future immunisation strategies.
Influenza causes disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality in young children and older adults. Other populations at elevated risk from influenza include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, pregnant women, and people with certain underlying medical conditions. All Australians aged ≥ 6 months are recommended to receive influenza vaccine every year. The National Immunisation Program (NIP) provides free vaccine for eligible at-risk populations. While approximately 70% of older adults had received influenza vaccine in 2022, coverage in other age groups remains suboptimal.
There are several key unmet needs and challenges, but also potential strategies for enhancing the influenza vaccination program in Australia. Improved monitoring and evaluation, including the use of relevant linked datasets for such purposes, is imperative to better understand variations in coverage and vaccination impact in specific populations. Adoption of evidence-based strategies, such as culturally appropriate resources that consider the characteristics of diverse Australian populations, may also help to achieve higher vaccine coverage rates. Additionally, greater vaccine uptake across the population could be facilitated by expanding the NIP-eligible population where cost-effective, and adopting the use of more effective and different types of vaccines when available.

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17/07/24

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Imai, Chisato, Sanjay Jayasinghe, Jocelynne McRae, Jean Li-Kim-Moy, Clayton Chiu, Kristine Macartney, Penelope Burns, et al. 2024. “ATAGI Targeted Review 2023: Vaccination for Prevention of Influenza in Australia”. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 48 (July). https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2024.48.25.

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