Annual report of the Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, 2012
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2013.37.14Keywords:
poliovirus, acute flaccid paralysis, surveillance, enterovirus, poliomyelitis, eradication, vaccinationAbstract
In 2012 no cases of poliomyelitis were reported through clinical surveillance in Australia, and poliovirus was not detected through virological surveillance. Australia conducts surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years as the main mechanism to monitor its polio-free status in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System. In 2012 Australia reported 1.2 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, meeting the WHO performance criterion for a sensitive system for the fifth year in a row. However the faecal specimen collection rate from AFP cases was 29%, which was well below the WHO target of 80%. Virological surveillance for poliovirus consists of two components. Firstly, the Enterovirus Reference Laboratory Network of Australia (ERLNA) reports on the typing of enteroviruses detected in or isolated from clinical specimens. Secondly, environmental surveillance is conducted at sentinel sites. These surveillance systems are co-ordinated by the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory (NERL).
Downloads
References
Study Protocol, Acute Flaccid Paralysis. Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit [Internet]. Accessed on 27 March 2013.
Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance [Internet]. Accessed on 27 March 2013.
Outbreak news – Poliovirus isolation, Egypt. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2013;88:74-75.
World Health Organization. Progress towards global interruption of wild poliovirus transmission, January 2011–March 2012. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2012;87:189-200.
Global Polio Eradication Initiative [Internet]. Wild poliovirus 2008-2013. Accessed on 27 March 2013.
Wood DJ, Hull B. L20B Cells Simplify Culture of Polioviruses from Clinical Samples. J Med Virol 1999;58:188-192.
World Health Organization. Polio Laboratory Manual, 4th edition, WHO/IVB/04.10. Geneva: Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals; 2004.
Kilpatrick DR, Yang CF, Ching K, Vincent A, Iber J, Campagnoli R, Mandelbaum M, De L, Yang SJ, Nix A. Rapid group-, serotype-, and vaccine strain-specific identification of poliovirus isolates by real-time reverse transcription PCR using degenerate primers and probes containing deoxyinosine residues. J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:1939-1941.
Stewardson AJ, Roberts JA, Beckett CL, Prime HT, Loh PS, Thorley BR, Daffy JR. An Imported Case of Poliomyelitis in Melbourne, Australia. Emerging Infect. Dis. 2009;15:63-65.
Roberts JA, Thorley BR. Enterovirus. In: Schuller M, Sloots TP, James GS, Halliday CL, Carter IWJ, editors. PCR for Clinical Microbiology: An Australian and International Perspective. 1st edn. Dordrecht: Springer; 2010. p. 229-233.
Nix WA, Oberste MS, Pallansch MA. Sensitive, seminested PCR amplification of VP1 sequences for direct identification of all enterovirus serotypes from original clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:2698-2704.
World Health Organization. Guidelines for environmental surveillance of poliovirus circulation. Geneva: Department of Vaccines and Biologicals WHO/V&B/03.03; 2003.
Global polio eradication: not there yet [editorial]. Lancet 2013;381:1.
Global Polio Eradication Initiative [Internet]. Wild poliovirus list. Accessed on 27 March 2013.
Crawford NW, Buttery JP. Poliomyelitis eradication: another step forward. The Lancet 2010;376:1624-1625.
World Health Organization. Informal consultation of the Global Polio Laboratory Network-June 2008. Weekly Epidemiological Record 2008;83:261-268.
Independent Monitoring Board [Internet]. IMB meeting reports. Accessed on 27 March 2013.
Global Polio Eradication Initiative [Internet]. Agenda item 13.10. Poliomyelitis: intensification of the global eradication initiative. WHA65.5. May 2012. Accessed 27 March 2013.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Communicable Diseases Intelligence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
